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Modal الفعل
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Replaced with
الكلمات التي تحذف
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Example مثال
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Answer
الحل
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Must
Have to + (V)
Has to
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Is necessary to
Is obliged to
Obligation to
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He is obliged to wear a suit here. (have)
It’s obligation that you start early (must)
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We must get up early.
He has to wear a suit.
You must start early.
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Don’t have to
Needn’t + (V)
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Is Not necessary to
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It isn’t necessary to travel at night
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You don’t have to travel at night.
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Had to + (V)
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Was necessary
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It was necessary for her to
take a taxi
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She had to take a taxi.
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Didn’t have to
Needn’t have + P.P.
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Wasn’t necessary
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It wasn’t necessary for us to
get up early last week.
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We didn’t have to get up early last week.
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Mustn’t + (V)
Can’t + (V)
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Forbidden – prohibited prohibition
banned
Not allowed – illegal -against the law- No ……………… Don’t
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It’s not allowed to smoke here.
It’s against the law to park here.
Don’t litter the street. It’s the law.
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You mustn’t smoke here.
You mustn’t park here.
You mustn’t litter the street.
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Should + (V)
Ought to + (V)
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It’s advisable
It’s preferable
It’s a good idea
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It’s advisable to practise a sport.
It’s a good idea to eat healthy food.
It’s a good idea not to eat fast food.
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You should practise a sport.
You should eat healthy food.
You shouldn’t eat fast food.
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Can + (V)
May + (V)
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Is it okay if I
Would it be OK if I
Do you mind if
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Is it o if I take your car?
Do you mind if I open the window?
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Can I take your car?
May I open the window?
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May + (V)
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It’s possible that ………...
Perhaps
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It’s possible that he will
visit us.
Perhaps he is coming tonight.
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He may visit us.
He might be coming tonight.
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Can + (V)
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Be allowed to
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You are allowed to park here.
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You can park here.
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Could + (V)
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Why don’t you..?
What about..?
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Why don’t you go on a day trip?
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You could go on a day trip.
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Deduction: الاستنتاج
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|||
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Must be
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I’m sure is
I’m certain is
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I’m sure Ahmed is at home.
الجملة في
المضارع المثبت
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Ahmed must be at home.
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Can’t be
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I’m sure is not
I’m certain is not
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I’m sure Ali isn’t at school.
الجملة في المضارع المنفي
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Ali can’t be at school.
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Must have + p.p
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I’m sure/ certain was (any
past)
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I’m sure he broke the car
yesterday.
الجملة في الماضي المثبت
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He must have broken the car yesterday.
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Can’t have =p.p
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I’m certain wasn’t- didn’t
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I’m certain he didn’t eat the
cake yesterday.
الجملة في الماضي المنفي
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He can’t have eaten the cake yesterday.
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Should have +p.p
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Expected or supposed
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I expected Ali to have come by now.
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Ali should have come by now.
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May have +p.p
Might have +p.p
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Perhaps/ it’s possible/ probable
I’m not sure I don’t know
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It’s possible that he was travelling abroad.
It is probabal he broke the window.
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He may have been travelling abroad.
He might have broken the window.
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Rewrite the following sentences using the modals in the brackets.
1. You are obliged to pay your tuition fees when
you register with this university. (must)
2. It is prohibited to play football in the
streets. (mustn’t)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3.
I advise you to study hard for the exams.
(should)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4.
What about visiting your grandma? (could)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5.
I am certain that he is absent. (must be
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
1
1.
Now, I can swim in the big ocean. (am able to)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2.
It is necessary for Jassim to see a doctor.
(must)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3.
It was
wrong of you to talk to Hassan while he was on the phone. (shouldn’t have)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4.
It’s prohibited for motorists to go over the speed
limit inside the city. (mustn’t)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………5.
It’s probable he had been sick for the last two weeks.
(might have)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 
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